route table

平时在了解系统的route表和配置系统的route表时, 都是比较喜欢使用route这个命令的. 但是, 本人感觉到此命令输出的結果与一些讲解系统网络的资料对不上号的, 例如:

在Routing Decision处就和route命令的输出結果对不上号:
jessinio@jessinio-laptop:~$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     2      0        0 wlan0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 wlan0
0.0.0.0         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wlan0

結果很明显, route输出的結果只是系统发向外面的数据包的routing, 没有陈述数据包进入系统的routing.

这种感觉待续了很久一段时间. 今天看到这样一段话:

Linux has a different approach for routing than other UNIX. The way things are implemented on Linux is more flexible and powerful than traditional ways. Legacy utilities such as ifconfig and route are still valid, but incomplete. This is because they do not give access to the advanced routing layer present on Linux. The utility ip (part of iproute2) is the current tool for networking related stuff under Linux. This tool will be the focus of this section.

文字中提到了,route命令得到的其实是不完全的数据. 在Linux下, 最本地化的应该是ip命令.
google找到一份很老的文档： http://linux-ip.net/html/routing-tables.html 上面写得很清楚了, 如下一小段：

The routing table manipulated by the conventional route command is the main routing table. Additionally, the use of both ip address and ifconfig will cause the kernel to alter the local routing table (and usually the main routing table). For further documentation on how to manipulate the other routing tables, see the command description of ip route.

route命令得到和设置的仅仅是冰山一角。

iproute2工具集手册：http://www.policyrouting.org/iproute2.doc.html